{
  "source": "印客邦",
  "website": "https://www.yinkebang.com/glossary/",
  "license": "数据开放引用，请注明来源“印客邦”",
  "collection": "glossary",
  "updated": "2026-09-24",
  "count": 118,
  "terms": [
    {
      "term": "灰底白板纸",
      "definition": "正面白色涂布、背面灰色的多层再生纤维纸板：面层用漂白木浆并涂布，芯层和底层用回收纸浆，挺度好，价格比白卡纸低约 20%–30%。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/duplex-board/",
      "source": "灰底白板纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "白板纸",
      "definition": "灰底白板纸的简称。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/duplex-board/",
      "source": "灰底白板纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "不干胶材料",
      "definition": "由面材、压敏胶和底纸三层构成的复合标签材料，面材可选纸类或薄膜，胶水按永久、可移除、低温等场景细分。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/self-adhesive-material/",
      "source": "不干胶材料"
    },
    {
      "term": "铜版纸",
      "definition": "国家标准名称为涂布美术印刷纸（GB/T 10335.1-2017），在原纸表面涂一层碳酸钙、高岭土等白色涂料并经超级压光制成，纸面光滑、网点扩大小，彩色图片印得鲜艳。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/coated-paper/",
      "source": "铜版纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "白卡纸",
      "definition": "以漂白木浆为原料、多层抄造并经表面涂布压光的厚纸板，行业内也叫“单粉卡”，是包装盒、名片、吊牌等需要挺度的印刷品的首选。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/white-cardboard/",
      "source": "白卡纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "双胶纸",
      "definition": "无涂布的书写印刷两用纸；“胶”指施胶，即在纸浆中加入胶料提高抗水性。表面哑光、吸墨好、可书写。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/offset-paper/",
      "source": "双胶纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "牛皮纸",
      "definition": "以未漂白或半漂白硫酸盐木浆制成的高强度纸，呈棕黄本色，抗张强度和耐破度在常用纸种中最高。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/kraft-paper/",
      "source": "牛皮纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "瓦楞纸",
      "definition": "由平的面纸和压成波浪形的芯纸交替粘合而成的结构性纸板，靠连续的拱形楞提供缓冲和抗压能力。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/corrugated-paper/",
      "source": "瓦楞纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "特种纸",
      "definition": "通过特殊原料（棉、麻、羊毛）或特殊工艺（压纹、染色、涂布珠光颜料）获得独特外观或手感的纸的统称，不是某一种纸。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/specialty-paper/",
      "source": "特种纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "PET",
      "definition": "聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜，耐温、高强度、尺寸稳定，是耐用标签和包装复合膜常用的塑料基材，也是 PVC 的主要替代材料。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/pet-film/",
      "source": "PET（聚酯薄膜）"
    },
    {
      "term": "PVC",
      "definition": "聚氯乙烯片材，可印刷、焊接、吸塑成型，传统上用于会员卡、吸塑包装和证卡；因含氯等环保问题正逐步被 PET 替代。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/pvc-sheet/",
      "source": "PVC（聚氯乙烯片材）"
    },
    {
      "term": "亚克力",
      "definition": "学名聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）的高透明塑料板材，透光率可达 92% 以上；行业标称厚度普遍大于实际厚度。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/acrylic-sheet/",
      "source": "亚克力（有机玻璃）"
    },
    {
      "term": "无纺布",
      "definition": "聚丙烯（PP）纤维经热压或化学粘合直接成型的非织造布料，不需纺纱织布，是环保购物袋和广告袋的主流材料。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/non-woven-fabric/",
      "source": "无纺布"
    },
    {
      "term": "吸塑",
      "definition": "真空吸塑成型：把 PVC 或 PET 片材加热软化后用模具真空吸附成型，能贴合产品轮廓做防震内托或展示泡壳，需要前期开模。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/blister-pvc/",
      "source": "吸塑材料（PVC/PET吸塑片）"
    },
    {
      "term": "无碳复写纸",
      "definition": "又称 NCR 纸，书写压力让纸背化学涂层与下一联纸面的显色剂反应、直接显色复印，无需夹碳粉纸。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/carbonless-paper/",
      "source": "无碳复写纸"
    },
    {
      "term": "淋膜纸",
      "definition": "PE 淋膜纸，以食品级白卡纸为基材、内壁淋一层聚乙烯薄膜的纸杯专用原纸，防水但不能盛装含酒精饮品。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/materials/cup-stock-pe-coated/",
      "source": "PE淋膜纸（纸杯原纸）"
    },
    {
      "term": "局部UV",
      "definition": "在印刷品指定区域丝网印刷或喷墨涂布透明 UV 光油，经紫外灯瞬间固化，形成有厚度感的局部高亮光泽层。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/spot-uv/",
      "source": "局部UV"
    },
    {
      "term": "覆膜",
      "definition": "在印刷品表面热压贴合一层 12–20μm 透明塑料薄膜（主流为 BOPP）的工艺，分亮膜和哑膜，提升耐磨防水性。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/lamination/",
      "source": "覆膜"
    },
    {
      "term": "烫金",
      "definition": "规范名称“烫印”：用加热的金属版隔着电化铝箔压向纸面，把箔上的金属镀层转印到承印物上，呈现油墨无法模拟的金属光泽。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/hot-stamping/",
      "source": "烫金"
    },
    {
      "term": "烫银",
      "definition": "烫印的一种箔色，工艺与烫金相同，使用银色电化铝箔。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/hot-stamping/",
      "source": "烫金"
    },
    {
      "term": "击凸",
      "definition": "用互相咬合的阴阳模具加压，使纸张局部凸起形成浮雕图案的工艺，可以不带油墨做“素压印”。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/embossing-debossing/",
      "source": "击凸压凹"
    },
    {
      "term": "压凹",
      "definition": "与击凸方向相反、使图案凹陷的压印工艺；击凸和压凹合称凹凸压印。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/embossing-debossing/",
      "source": "击凸压凹"
    },
    {
      "term": "模切",
      "definition": "用钢刀条按设计轮廓弯折固定在木板上做成刀模，在压力下把印刷品切成设计形状的后道工序；新形状需要制作刀模。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/die-cutting/",
      "source": "模切"
    },
    {
      "term": "压纹",
      "definition": "让纸张通过一对雕有连续纹理的金属压辊，在整个幅面压出布纹、皮纹等均匀肌理；与击凸的区别是整面肌理而非局部图案。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/texture-embossing/",
      "source": "压纹"
    },
    {
      "term": "上光",
      "definition": "在印刷品表面辊涂或印涂一层透明光油并干燥固化，分亮光、哑光等，比覆膜成本低且保持纸张可回收性。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/varnishing/",
      "source": "上光"
    },
    {
      "term": "过油",
      "definition": "上光的行业俗称。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/varnishing/",
      "source": "上光"
    },
    {
      "term": "专色",
      "definition": "预先在墨房把油墨调成指定颜色（通常按 PANTONE 色号），作为一种独立油墨整体印刷，而不是用 CMYK 网点混合出来。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/spot-color/",
      "source": "专色印刷"
    },
    {
      "term": "糊盒",
      "definition": "在模切好的盒片糊口处涂胶、折叠、加压粘合，把平面展开图变成可撑开使用的盒子的后道工序。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/box-gluing/",
      "source": "糊盒"
    },
    {
      "term": "骑马钉",
      "definition": "把书页对折后在骑缝处钉两枚铁钉的装订方式，适合 8–40 页，页数须为 4 的倍数。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/binding/",
      "source": "装订"
    },
    {
      "term": "胶装",
      "definition": "用胶把书页固定在书脊上的装订方式：无线胶装在书脊铣槽刷热熔胶，锁线胶装先线缝书帖再上胶；40 页以上的册子进入胶装区间。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/process/binding/",
      "source": "装订"
    },
    {
      "term": "宣传单",
      "definition": "单张双面的广告印刷品，主流为大 16 开或 A4、157g 铜版纸双面彩印，是成本最低、投放最快的线下推广物料。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/flyer/",
      "source": "宣传单"
    },
    {
      "term": "画册",
      "definition": "多页装订成册的形象或产品宣传印刷品，主流为大 16 开、封面 250g 覆哑膜、内页 157g 铜版纸，40P 内骑马钉、以上胶装。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/brochure/",
      "source": "画册"
    },
    {
      "term": "包装盒",
      "definition": "按制造方式分三类：卡盒（单张纸直接模切）、彩箱（面纸对裱瓦楞）、精装盒（灰板裱糊）。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/packaging-box/",
      "source": "包装盒"
    },
    {
      "term": "说明书",
      "definition": "随产品配送的功能性印刷品，以低成本清晰传达信息为目标，主流为 70g 双胶纸单色印刷，折叠式或骑马钉成册。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/manual/",
      "source": "说明书"
    },
    {
      "term": "手提袋",
      "definition": "购物与礼品场景的品牌载体，主流为 250g 白卡纸、覆哑膜、棉绳提手，本质上是会被带上街的移动广告位。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/paper-bag/",
      "source": "手提袋"
    },
    {
      "term": "天地盖",
      "definition": "盖与底相互分离、靠套合闭合的精装盒大类，按包覆关系分天包地、地包天、露腰三种形式。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-top-bottom/",
      "source": "天地盖盒"
    },
    {
      "term": "书型盒",
      "definition": "单侧翻盖、靠磁铁闭合的精装盒，外形像精装书，灰板骨架外裱面纸，出厂即成型。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-book/",
      "source": "书型盒"
    },
    {
      "term": "磁吸盒",
      "definition": "书型盒的常用别称。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-book/",
      "source": "书型盒"
    },
    {
      "term": "抽屉盒",
      "definition": "由筒状外套与内托盘侧向抽拉组合而成的精装盒，两个部件都能在流水线上完成 95% 以上工序。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-drawer/",
      "source": "抽屉盒"
    },
    {
      "term": "纸杯",
      "definition": "按冷热用途分两类：热饮杯用单淋膜防渗水，冷饮杯用双淋膜，外层膜抵抗冷凝水、增加杯体硬度。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/paper-cup/",
      "source": "纸杯"
    },
    {
      "term": "亚克力标牌",
      "definition": "以亚克力板为基材的标牌，工艺由打印方式（UV 打印或丝印）、打印位置（正喷或背喷）、白墨（全打白或局部打白）三个维度组合决定。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/acrylic-sign/",
      "source": "亚克力标牌"
    },
    {
      "term": "背喷",
      "definition": "在亚克力板背面打印、隔着板看画面的打印位置；背喷须用透光好的全新料板材。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/acrylic-sign/",
      "source": "亚克力标牌"
    },
    {
      "term": "打白",
      "definition": "在亚克力等透明材料上印白墨打底，分全打白和局部打白；局部打白须提供矢量文件并标明范围。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/acrylic-sign/",
      "source": "亚克力标牌"
    },
    {
      "term": "喷绘写真",
      "definition": "大幅面输出的工艺名称，指用什么墨水和设备输出：户内写真用水性墨水、见水就花，户外写真用弱溶剂墨水、防水防晒。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/large-format-print/",
      "source": "喷绘写真与大幅面"
    },
    {
      "term": "单透",
      "definition": "户外单孔透，一种大幅面介质材料，贴在玻璃上从里面能看清外面、从外面看不见里面。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/large-format-print/",
      "source": "喷绘写真与大幅面"
    },
    {
      "term": "橱窗贴",
      "definition": "按用途的叫法，指贴在玻璃上的画面，不是独立材料，具体用哪种介质另说；玻璃橱窗贴常用超透贴。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/large-format-print/",
      "source": "喷绘写真与大幅面"
    },
    {
      "term": "无碳联单",
      "definition": "用无碳复写纸制作的多联单据，订单参数由联数、每本张数、纸序、印色四组变量锁定。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/carbonless-form/",
      "source": "无碳联单"
    },
    {
      "term": "机打联单",
      "definition": "无碳联单的子类型，供针式打印机连续走纸使用。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/carbonless-form/",
      "source": "无碳联单"
    },
    {
      "term": "联单",
      "definition": "无碳联单的简称。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/carbonless-form/",
      "source": "无碳联单"
    },
    {
      "term": "档案袋",
      "definition": "一张纸折叠粘合成的文件袋，常用黄牛皮纸或白牛皮纸；下单填展开尺寸：展开高＝成品高＋盖子，展开宽＝（成品宽＋侧厚）×2＋粘口。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/document-envelope/",
      "source": "档案袋"
    },
    {
      "term": "信封",
      "definition": "结构上只分两种：中式短边开口、舌头在右侧；西式长边开口、舌头在上方。其余款式都是这两种结构的材质变体或专用款。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/envelope/",
      "source": "信封"
    },
    {
      "term": "红头文件",
      "definition": "红头文件的红色用金光红专色印刷，不是四色红；和票本一样按“本”计价，不按张。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/office-forms/",
      "source": "票本与红头文件"
    },
    {
      "term": "刮刮卡",
      "definition": "带刮奖区的卡片，刮奖区叫涂银，有贴标和丝印银墨两种做法；卡面每张不同的号码属可变数据喷印。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/scratch-card/",
      "source": "刮刮卡"
    },
    {
      "term": "可变数据",
      "definition": "同一批印品里每一张内容都可以不同的印刷方式，可变部分包括文字、图像、条码；可变码是其中的编码类子集。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/scratch-card/",
      "source": "刮刮卡"
    },
    {
      "term": "吊牌",
      "definition": "吊牌的表面工艺不是可选项：不覆膜或过油，运输中纸张相互摩擦就会把油墨蹭掉。穿绳是吊牌的配件，与证件挂绳同名两物。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/hang-tag/",
      "source": "吊牌与挂卡"
    },
    {
      "term": "挂绳",
      "definition": "在印刷品里指两样东西：吊牌穿绳（吊牌的配件）和证件挂绳（900mm 织带的胸牌挂绳，独立产品）。本站“挂绳”页讲后者。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/lanyard/",
      "source": "证件挂绳"
    },
    {
      "term": "广告扇",
      "definition": "分 PP 扇和团扇两类：PP 扇是 PP 片材直接印刷加铆钉装柄，团扇是覆亮膜不干胶对贴在一体成型塑料骨架上，两者扇柄都是聚丙烯。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/advertising-fan/",
      "source": "广告扇"
    },
    {
      "term": "不干胶标签",
      "definition": "印刷后带背胶、可直接粘贴的标签贴纸，常规为铜版纸不干胶加覆亮膜加模切，防水场景改用 PP/PET 薄膜材料。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/label-sticker/",
      "source": "不干胶标签"
    },
    {
      "term": "出血",
      "definition": "把画面向成品尺寸四边多延伸的部分，用于抵消裁切误差；是把背景往外延伸，不是加一圈白边。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/bleed/",
      "source": "出血是什么？印刷出血位设置指南"
    },
    {
      "term": "CMYK",
      "definition": "印刷油墨的四色模式（青、品红、黄、黑）：油墨不发光，靠反射环境光呈色，越叠越暗，属于减色模式。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/cmyk-vs-rgb/",
      "source": "CMYK和RGB的区别：为什么印刷必须用CMYK"
    },
    {
      "term": "RGB",
      "definition": "屏幕发光的三原色模式（红、绿、蓝）：光叠加越加越亮，属于加色模式，色域明显大于 CMYK。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/cmyk-vs-rgb/",
      "source": "CMYK和RGB的区别：为什么印刷必须用CMYK"
    },
    {
      "term": "四色黑",
      "definition": "CMYK 四个通道都有数值的黑，用于对色相有要求的大面积黑底，总色值原则上不超过 250%；不等于 C100 M100 Y100 K100。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/rich-black/",
      "source": "四色黑、双色黑与单色黑：三种黑的用法与总色值控制"
    },
    {
      "term": "分辨率",
      "definition": "印前语境指每英寸的像素数（dpi/ppi）；近距离阅读的印刷品按 300dpi 要求，并且要按最终印刷尺寸计算。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/resolution-dpi/",
      "source": "印刷分辨率：300dpi是怎么来的"
    },
    {
      "term": "克重",
      "definition": "每平方米纸张的重量（g/m²）；同类纸中与厚度成正比，是行业描述纸张厚薄的通用指标。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/paper-weight-gsm/",
      "source": "克重是什么：一分钟看懂纸张的g/m²"
    },
    {
      "term": "大度",
      "definition": "国内印刷用纸的尺寸体系之一，全开 889×1194mm，大度 16 开为 210×285mm。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/paper-sizes/",
      "source": "大度、正度与开数：印刷纸张尺寸体系详解"
    },
    {
      "term": "正度",
      "definition": "国内印刷用纸的尺寸体系之一，全开 787×1092mm，正度 16 开为 185×260mm。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/paper-sizes/",
      "source": "大度、正度与开数：印刷纸张尺寸体系详解"
    },
    {
      "term": "开数",
      "definition": "把全开纸对折均分的份数：对开为 1/2 张全开，4 开为 1/4，以此类推。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/paper-sizes/",
      "source": "大度、正度与开数：印刷纸张尺寸体系详解"
    },
    {
      "term": "色差",
      "definition": "印刷品颜色与预期或签样之间的差异；行业用 ΔE 量化，ΔE≤1 人眼几乎无感，3–5 可察觉但可接受，大于 6 明显。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/color-difference/",
      "source": "印刷色差：为什么印出来和屏幕不一样"
    },
    {
      "term": "偏色",
      "definition": "印品颜色偏离预期的口语说法，本站归入“色差”讲解。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/color-difference/",
      "source": "印刷色差：为什么印出来和屏幕不一样"
    },
    {
      "term": "拼版",
      "definition": "把多个印刷页面按开纸规则排布到一张全开印刷版上的工序；画册拼版还要按装订规则排页序，叫“拼大版”。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/imposition/",
      "source": "拼版是什么：合版印刷为什么便宜"
    },
    {
      "term": "打样",
      "definition": "批量印刷前确认效果的环节，分数码样、传统机打样和白样；经色彩管理的数码硬打样可作签样依据。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/proofing/",
      "source": "打样是什么：数码样、传统样与白样怎么选"
    },
    {
      "term": "印前检查",
      "definition": "文件送印前的系统性核对，文件级必查六项：转曲、CMYK、分辨率、黑色用法、安全距离、跨页图字。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/prepress-check/",
      "source": "印前检查清单：交付印刷文件前的10项自查"
    },
    {
      "term": "转曲",
      "definition": "把字体文字转换为矢量图形轮廓，AI 里叫“创建轮廓”、CorelDRAW 叫“转换为曲线”；转曲后文件不再依赖字体库。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/font-outline/",
      "source": "文字转曲是什么：为什么印厂总让你转曲"
    },
    {
      "term": "胶印",
      "definition": "平版印刷：印版上的图文先转印到橡皮布、再转印到纸上，是现代商业印刷的主力，大批量单价最低但有起印门槛。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/printing-methods/",
      "source": "胶印、数码印刷、丝网印刷的区别与选择"
    },
    {
      "term": "数码印刷",
      "definition": "无版印刷，用激光（碳粉）或喷墨直接成像，一张起印、支持可变数据，单张成本恒定。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/printing-methods/",
      "source": "胶印、数码印刷、丝网印刷的区别与选择"
    },
    {
      "term": "丝网印刷",
      "definition": "油墨透过网版漏印到承印物上，墨层厚、遮盖力强，几乎不挑材质，适合曲面和特殊材料。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/printing-methods/",
      "source": "胶印、数码印刷、丝网印刷的区别与选择"
    },
    {
      "term": "水墨平衡",
      "definition": "胶印中印版空白部分的水膜刚好能拒墨、图文墨层又不被多余水分削弱的动态状态，不是某个固定比例。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-water-balance/",
      "source": "水墨平衡：原理、以墨定水与最低水位判定"
    },
    {
      "term": "润版液",
      "definition": "由水、原液（含胶、酸、缓冲盐、润湿剂等）和可能添加的异丙醇配成的溶液，在印版空白部分铺开水膜挡住油墨，并补充亲水胶层。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/fountain-solution/",
      "source": "润版液 pH、电导率、温度与水质"
    },
    {
      "term": "润湿液",
      "definition": "润版液的别称。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/fountain-solution/",
      "source": "润版液 pH、电导率、温度与水质"
    },
    {
      "term": "油墨乳化",
      "definition": "润版液与油墨相互分散的物理现象，分油包水和水包油两种；胶印需要稳定的适度油包水。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-emulsification/",
      "source": "油墨乳化：W/O 与 O/W"
    },
    {
      "term": "油包水",
      "definition": "油包水（W/O）乳化：润版液微滴分散在油墨中，是胶印正常且必需的状态。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-emulsification/",
      "source": "油墨乳化：W/O 与 O/W"
    },
    {
      "term": "水包油",
      "definition": "水包油（O/W）乳化：油墨微粒分散进润版液，会造成空白部分起脏，是故障状态。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-emulsification/",
      "source": "油墨乳化：W/O 与 O/W"
    },
    {
      "term": "免酒精润版液",
      "definition": "不加异丙醇、改用添加剂替代其铺展和降温作用的润版液，工作窗口更窄，对水质、水辊和冷却要求更高。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/alcohol-free-fountain-solution/",
      "source": "酒精润版液与免酒精润版液"
    },
    {
      "term": "异丙醇",
      "definition": "润版液里所说的“酒精”，即 IPA，能让润版液铺展快、带水多并给墨路降温。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/alcohol-free-fountain-solution/",
      "source": "酒精润版液与免酒精润版液"
    },
    {
      "term": "水斗辊",
      "definition": "胶印供水系统中的辊子，其转速决定送到版面的水量；找最小水量就是先调低水斗辊转速到微脏，再往回加。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/dampening-control/",
      "source": "胶印供水量怎么判断与调节"
    },
    {
      "term": "墨键零位",
      "definition": "控制台墨键数字归零时，墨键与墨斗辊之间设定好的初始间隙，微米级，不是零间隙。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-key-zero/",
      "source": "墨键零位、墨斗辊转角与开机走墨"
    },
    {
      "term": "墨斗辊转角",
      "definition": "墨斗辊每次转动的角度（或转速），决定整体出墨量；墨键开度管横向分布，墨斗辊转角管总量。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-key-zero/",
      "source": "墨键零位、墨斗辊转角与开机走墨"
    },
    {
      "term": "分区供墨",
      "definition": "墨斗沿横向分成若干墨区，每个墨区由一个墨键按图文面积控制出墨量，使整版墨色均匀。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-key-zero/",
      "source": "墨键零位、墨斗辊转角与开机走墨"
    },
    {
      "term": "胶辊硬度",
      "definition": "胶辊（墨辊、水辊）的邵氏硬度，按油墨体系选择；判断老化要与新辊读数比增量，而不是看单次读数的绝对值。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/roller-hardness-pressure/",
      "source": "胶辊硬度、压力与清洗"
    },
    {
      "term": "邵氏硬度",
      "definition": "用邵氏硬度计测得的压入硬度；橡胶墨辊、水辊用邵氏 A，较硬的辊子用邵氏 D。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/roller-hardness-pressure/",
      "source": "胶辊硬度、压力与清洗"
    },
    {
      "term": "墨辊脱墨",
      "definition": "墨辊表面局部或整体不吸墨、油墨传不下去的症状，原因分三类：水多使油墨过度乳化、辊面釉化或钙化、油墨过稀或过稠。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/roller-stripping-glazing/",
      "source": "墨辊脱墨、发亮与釉化"
    },
    {
      "term": "墨辊发亮",
      "definition": "辊面被沉积物封住后光滑发亮、手指一抹就滑的状态，储墨量和摩擦力都已下降，是辊面釉化的表现。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/roller-stripping-glazing/",
      "source": "墨辊脱墨、发亮与釉化"
    },
    {
      "term": "网点扩大",
      "definition": "标准术语“阶调值增大”，指印在纸上的网点比印版上的大；胶印不可避免，目标是让它稳定在约定的曲线上。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/dot-gain/",
      "source": "网点扩大与印刷压力"
    },
    {
      "term": "加网线数",
      "definition": "每英寸或每厘米的网点行数，决定网点多细；要按纸张和观看距离选，不是越高越好。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/screening/",
      "source": "加网线数、网角与调频网"
    },
    {
      "term": "龟纹",
      "definition": "四个色版网点角度相近时叠印产生的干涉花纹，所以各色网角必须错开。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/screening/",
      "source": "加网线数、网角与调频网"
    },
    {
      "term": "调频网",
      "definition": "非周期性加网：不靠改变网点大小，而靠同样大小的微小网点的疏密表现层次，没有网角，也就没有龟纹和玫瑰斑。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/screening/",
      "source": "加网线数、网角与调频网"
    },
    {
      "term": "色序",
      "definition": "多色印刷中各色油墨的印刷先后顺序，决定后一色能否稳稳叠在前一色上；ISO 12647-2 标准印刷条件为黑—青—品红—黄。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/color-sequence-trapping/",
      "source": "色序、叠印与干燥"
    },
    {
      "term": "UCR",
      "definition": "底色去除：只在暗调中性灰区域用黑墨替换部分青、品红、黄彩墨。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ucr-gcr/",
      "source": "黑版：UCR、GCR 与 UCA"
    },
    {
      "term": "GCR",
      "definition": "灰成分替代：在整个阶调范围用黑墨替换灰成分，更省墨，印刷中颜色波动更小。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ucr-gcr/",
      "source": "黑版：UCR、GCR 与 UCA"
    },
    {
      "term": "灰成分替代",
      "definition": "即 GCR。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ucr-gcr/",
      "source": "黑版：UCR、GCR 与 UCA"
    },
    {
      "term": "脏版",
      "definition": "印品非图文区域出现不该有的油墨；分油脏（位置固定、版上看得见）和浮脏（位置不定、版上常看不到）。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/scumming/",
      "source": "脏版：油脏、浮脏与排查树"
    },
    {
      "term": "浮脏",
      "definition": "大面积低密度的浅淡墨污，位置前后不固定、印版上常看不到，常因油墨过度乳化、墨点浮在水膜上。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/scumming/",
      "source": "脏版：油脏、浮脏与排查树"
    },
    {
      "term": "墨杠",
      "definition": "印品上与滚筒轴向平行、颜色与墨色一致的深色条纹，是局部油墨堆积；来源可能在墨路、传动或包衬，不一定是墨辊。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/streaks/",
      "source": "墨杠与水杠"
    },
    {
      "term": "水杠",
      "definition": "与滚筒轴向平行、局部偏浅近乎无色的条纹，网点不规则缩小；来源不一定是水辊。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/streaks/",
      "source": "墨杠与水杠"
    },
    {
      "term": "橡皮布",
      "definition": "包在橡皮布滚筒上的弹性材料；胶印时印版上的油墨先转到橡皮布、再转到纸上，印刷压力来自它和包衬的压缩变形。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/blanket-packing/",
      "source": "橡皮布与包衬"
    },
    {
      "term": "包衬",
      "definition": "橡皮布滚筒上与橡皮布一起承受压缩的衬垫，用来调节滚筒间压力，按软、中、硬选择，要求厚度准、回弹好；铜版纸不能当衬纸。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/blanket-packing/",
      "source": "橡皮布与包衬"
    },
    {
      "term": "套印不准",
      "definition": "多色印刷中各色没有对准，表现为整张漂移、局部模糊或一侧偏移；主因是咬牙咬力不平、橡皮布滑移和纸张伸缩。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/misregistration/",
      "source": "套印不准与重影"
    },
    {
      "term": "纸张丝缕",
      "definition": "纸张纤维的排列方向，即造纸机运行方向（纵向）；纸张横向伸缩远大于纵向，单张纸胶印通常让纤维方向与滚筒轴向平行。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/misregistration/",
      "source": "套印不准与重影"
    },
    {
      "term": "表面强度",
      "definition": "纸张表层纤维、填料、胶料及涂层粒子之间结合的牢固程度，即纸面抵抗油墨分裂力的能力。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/paper-printability/",
      "source": "纸张印刷适性"
    },
    {
      "term": "掉毛",
      "definition": "多见于非涂布纸：纤维结合不牢被油墨拉下来，呈丝状、絮状脱落；不宜靠减水解决。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/paper-printability/",
      "source": "纸张印刷适性"
    },
    {
      "term": "掉粉",
      "definition": "多见于涂布纸：涂层中的填料、颜料结合不足而剥落，呈白色粉末。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/paper-printability/",
      "source": "纸张印刷适性"
    },
    {
      "term": "标准光源",
      "definition": "把“在什么光下看”固定下来的看样光源；印刷以 CIE D50 为基准，ISO 3664 还规定了显色指数和周边条件。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/viewing-light/",
      "source": "标准光源与看样条件"
    },
    {
      "term": "显色指数",
      "definition": "衡量光源显色能力的指标；ISO 3664 要求看样光源一般显色指数不低于 90，且 R1–R8 每个特殊显色指数都不低于 80。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/viewing-light/",
      "source": "标准光源与看样条件"
    },
    {
      "term": "软打样",
      "definition": "用专业显示器配合色彩管理软件在屏幕上模拟印刷效果，相关标准为 ISO 14861 和 ISO 12646。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/proofing-calibration/",
      "source": "数码打样与屏幕软打样"
    },
    {
      "term": "数码打样",
      "definition": "用专业彩色打印机把印刷版面数据直接打成样张；经色彩管理、定期线性化和特征化后，可作为颜色依据。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/proofing-calibration/",
      "source": "数码打样与屏幕软打样"
    },
    {
      "term": "补偿曲线",
      "definition": "在 RIP 或 CTP 环节预先修改各阶调网点大小，让实际网点扩大落在目标曲线上；只在印刷条件稳定时有效。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/press-calibration/",
      "source": "补偿曲线与机台标准化"
    },
    {
      "term": "灰平衡",
      "definition": "三色叠印出中性灰的条件；ISO 12647-2 给出由纸张颜色和三色实地推算中性灰目标的公式，灰平衡要按每个印刷条件分别确定。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/press-calibration/",
      "source": "补偿曲线与机台标准化"
    },
    {
      "term": "追色",
      "definition": "在机台上让印品颜色对准目标样；有效顺序是先确认目标样能否追，再在印前用数据校正文件，最后按标准数控生产。",
      "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/color-matching/",
      "source": "追色与返单色差"
    }
  ],
  "disambiguations": [
    {
      "term": "过底",
      "summary": "同名异义：印刷里的“过底”和精装盒里的“过底纸”是两个完全不同的概念。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "过底（印刷故障）",
          "definition": "油墨未干时印张之间正背面互相转移：前一张的油墨粘到后一张背面，常因总色值过高、墨层干不透，发生在收纸堆里，往往整批报废。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/rich-black/",
          "source": "四色黑、双色黑与单色黑：三种黑的用法与总色值控制"
        },
        {
          "label": "过底纸（精装盒材料）",
          "definition": "精装盒灰板铰链内侧加贴的 PET 拉力带。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/rich-black/",
          "source": "四色黑、双色黑与单色黑：三种黑的用法与总色值控制"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "玻璃化",
      "summary": "现场说的“玻璃化”指两种原因和处理完全不同的现象：先问是辊子发亮，还是印张上的墨膜太光。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "墨辊表面釉化（辊的问题）",
          "definition": "辊面被沉积物封住、光滑发亮、吸不住墨，表现为墨辊脱墨。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/roller-stripping-glazing/",
          "source": "墨辊脱墨、发亮与釉化"
        },
        {
          "label": "墨膜晶化（印张的问题）",
          "definition": "前一色油墨在纸上干得太透、表面太光滑，后一色附着不上去，出现“第一色干透、第二色印不上”；要从色序、干燥速度和叠印时机上解决。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/color-sequence-trapping/",
          "source": "色序、叠印与干燥"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "挂绳",
      "summary": "“挂绳”在印刷品里指两个完全不同的东西，一个是配件，一个是独立产品。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "吊牌穿绳",
          "definition": "穿过吊牌孔的短绳，棉绳、丝带、涤纶带扣等款式，是吊牌的配件，跟着吊牌下单。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/hang-tag/",
          "source": "吊牌与挂卡"
        },
        {
          "label": "证件挂绳",
          "definition": "900mm 织带的胸牌挂绳，两端缝合打铆钉，是独立产品，有自己的印刷方式与排版规则。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/lanyard/",
          "source": "证件挂绳"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "叠印",
      "summary": "“叠印”有两个意思，都和四色黑无关；“叠印黑”这个叫法本站不采用。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "机上叠印（trapping）",
          "definition": "在印刷机上，后一色油墨叠在前一色墨膜上；湿压湿叠印要求油墨黏性按色序递减、墨层递增。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/color-sequence-trapping/",
          "source": "色序、叠印与干燥"
        },
        {
          "label": "印前叠印设置（overprint）",
          "definition": "在印前文件里把某个颜色设置为叠印（压印），不挖空下层；黑色小字常设为叠印。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/rich-black/",
          "source": "四色黑、双色黑与单色黑：三种黑的用法与总色值控制"
        },
        {
          "label": "“叠印黑”（不采用）",
          "definition": "有资料把四色黑称为“叠印黑”。四色黑是 CMYK 都不为零的丰富黑，和叠印设置是两回事，不能这样叫。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/color-sequence-trapping/",
          "source": "色序、叠印与干燥"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "注册色与四色黑",
      "summary": "C100 M100 Y100 K100 不是四色黑，而是注册色。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "注册色（套准色）",
          "definition": "C100 M100 Y100 K100，总色值 400%，只用于页面外的角线、十字线和裁切标记，任何一块版偏移都会出现彩色重影，用来检测套印精度，不用于画面。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/rich-black/",
          "source": "四色黑、双色黑与单色黑：三种黑的用法与总色值控制"
        },
        {
          "label": "四色黑",
          "definition": "四个通道都有数值的黑，具体配比按需要的色相调，总色值原则上不超过 250%。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/wiki/rich-black/",
          "source": "四色黑、双色黑与单色黑：三种黑的用法与总色值控制"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "墨键零位",
      "summary": "墨键零位不是零间隙。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "墨键零位",
          "definition": "控制台墨键数字归零时，墨键与墨斗辊之间设定好的初始间隙，有微米级厚度，数值随机型而定，并不是“完全关死”。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/ink-key-zero/",
          "source": "墨键零位、墨斗辊转角与开机走墨"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "纵丝缕与横丝缕",
      "summary": "“纵丝缕”“横丝缕”在行业里有两种参照，同一张纸可能被叫成相反的名字；本站直接描述纤维方向。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "以纸张长边为参照",
          "definition": "按纤维方向与纸张长边的关系命名。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/misregistration/",
          "source": "套印不准与重影"
        },
        {
          "label": "以造纸机运行方向为参照",
          "definition": "纤维方向即造纸机运行方向（纵向），与之垂直的是横向；纸张横向伸缩约 0.3%–0.7%，纵向约 0.1%–0.3%。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/misregistration/",
          "source": "套印不准与重影"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "打码",
      "summary": "联单和刮刮卡都说“打码”，指的是两套能力边界几乎相反的工艺，限制不能互相套用。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "联单的机械打码",
          "definition": "打码机压印，只能打数字、不支持跳号，常规 7 位，只能打在正面。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/scratch-card/",
          "source": "刮刮卡"
        },
        {
          "label": "可变数据喷印",
          "definition": "数码喷印或喷码，数字、字母、汉字、符号都可以，支持剔除指定数字，位数按数据表给定。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/scratch-card/",
          "source": "刮刮卡"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "团扇",
      "summary": "“团扇”在广告扇分类里不是形状词。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "传统语义",
          "definition": "圆形扇面的扇子，是一个形状词。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/advertising-fan/",
          "source": "广告扇"
        },
        {
          "label": "广告扇分类",
          "definition": "一体成型塑料骨架加覆亮膜不干胶贴面的结构；与 PP 扇的分界在扇面，两者扇柄都是聚丙烯。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/advertising-fan/",
          "source": "广告扇"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "换色印与纸序",
      "summary": "无碳联单里最容易混的两个参数：一个换油墨颜色，一个换纸张颜色。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "换色印",
          "definition": "换的是字（油墨）的颜色，可选黑红蓝绿四种；选了换色印，纸序必须全白。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/carbonless-form/",
          "source": "无碳联单"
        },
        {
          "label": "纸序",
          "definition": "每一联纸张的颜色顺序，可选白红蓝黄绿五种。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/carbonless-form/",
          "source": "无碳联单"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "天地盖与天包地",
      "summary": "天地盖是大类，天包地、地包天、露腰是它下面的三种形式；盖底差是天包地的做法差异，不是第四种形式。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "天地盖",
          "definition": "盖与底相互分离、靠套合闭合的精装盒大类。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-top-bottom/",
          "source": "天地盖盒"
        },
        {
          "label": "天包地 / 地包天 / 露腰",
          "definition": "天包地是盖把底包住，地包天是底把盖包住，露腰是盖和底分别盖在中间围框两端、露出一截围框（“腰”）。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-top-bottom/",
          "source": "天地盖盒"
        },
        {
          "label": "留差款（盖底差）",
          "definition": "天包地的一种做法：盒盖比底盒浅，闭合后露出一截底盒，通常留 15–20mm 盖底差。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/rigid-box-top-bottom/",
          "source": "天地盖盒"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "润版液温度与墨路温度",
      "summary": "“26–28℃”指的是墨路，不是润版液温度，也不是车间空调温度。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "润版液温度",
          "definition": "一般冷却到 10℃ 出头，厂商资料给出约 8–14℃。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/fountain-solution/",
          "source": "润版液 pH、电导率、温度与水质"
        },
        {
          "label": "墨路温度",
          "definition": "墨辊组一般运行在约 26–28℃。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/fountain-solution/",
          "source": "润版液 pH、电导率、温度与水质"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "杠子与鬼影",
      "summary": "两者常被混为一谈，处理方向完全不同。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "杠子（条杠）",
          "definition": "与滚筒轴向平行的深浅条纹，按墨路、水路、传动、包衬与压力排查。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/streaks/",
          "source": "墨杠与水杠"
        },
        {
          "label": "鬼影",
          "definition": "印面上出现前部图文的淡淡残影，原因是着墨辊输墨分配不当，要按“前大后小”调整输墨率。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/streaks/",
          "source": "墨杠与水杠"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "脏版与糊版",
      "summary": "脏版发生在空白部分，糊版发生在图文部分，不是一回事。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "脏版",
          "definition": "印品非图文区域出现不该有的油墨，分油脏和浮脏。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/scumming/",
          "source": "脏版：油脏、浮脏与排查树"
        },
        {
          "label": "糊版",
          "definition": "发生在图文部分，网点铺开并级。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/tech/scumming/",
          "source": "脏版：油脏、浮脏与排查树"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "写真、单透与橱窗贴",
      "summary": "大幅面领域的名词分属工艺、材料、用途三个层，询价时说清“工艺＋材料”比说用途更准确。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "工艺层",
          "definition": "写真、喷绘：用什么墨水、什么设备输出。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/large-format-print/",
          "source": "喷绘写真与大幅面"
        },
        {
          "label": "材料层",
          "definition": "背胶、PP 纸、车贴、单透、反光膜、晶彩格：画面印在什么上面。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/large-format-print/",
          "source": "喷绘写真与大幅面"
        },
        {
          "label": "用途层",
          "definition": "橱窗贴、玻璃贴、门头、展架等：做出来贴在哪、用在什么场合，不是独立材料。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/large-format-print/",
          "source": "喷绘写真与大幅面"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "term": "背喷全打白",
      "summary": "“背喷全打白”是两个维度的组合，不是一种独立工艺。",
      "senses": [
        {
          "label": "打印位置",
          "definition": "正喷或背喷。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/acrylic-sign/",
          "source": "亚克力标牌"
        },
        {
          "label": "白墨",
          "definition": "全打白或局部打白；“背喷全打白”＝背喷＋全打白，“背喷透明”＝背喷＋局部打白。",
          "url": "https://www.yinkebang.com/products/acrylic-sign/",
          "source": "亚克力标牌"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}